3-7d Hands-On Projects These projects should be completed in the…3-7dHands-On ProjectsThese projects should be completed in the order given. The hands-on projects presented in this chapter should take a total of three hours to complete. The requirements for this lab include:.Project 3-2In this hands-on project, you navigate the Linux filesystem using the Tab-completion feature of the BASH shell.1Switch to a command-line terminal (tty5) by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F5 and log in to the terminal using the user name of root and the password of LINUXrocks!.2At the command prompt, type cd / and press Enter.3Next, type cd ro at the command prompt and press Tab. What is displayed on the screen and why? How many subdirectories under the root begin with “ro”?4Press the Ctrl+c keys to cancel the command and return to an empty command prompt.5At the command prompt, type cd b and press Tab. Did the display change?6Press the Tab key again. How many subdirectories under the root begin with “b”?7Type the letter i. Notice that the command now reads “cd bi.” Press the Tab key again. Which directory did it expand to? Why? Press the Ctrl+c keys to cancel the command and return to an empty command prompt.8At the command prompt, type cd m and press Tab. Press Tab once again after hearing the beep. How many subdirectories under the root begin with “m”?9Type the letter e. Notice that the command now reads “cd me.” Press Tab.10Press Enter to execute the command at the command prompt. Next, type the pwd command and press Enter to verify that you are in the /media directory.11Type exit and press Enter to log out of your shell.Project 3-3In this hands-on project, you examine files and file types using the ls and file commands.1Switch to a command-line terminal (tty5) by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F5 and log in to the terminal using the user name of root and the password of LINUXrocks!.2At the command prompt, type cd /etc and press Enter. Verify that you are in the /etc directory by typing pwd at the command prompt and press Enter.3At the command prompt, type ls and press Enter. What do you see listed in the four columns? Do any of the files have extensions? What is the most common extension you see and what does it indicate? Is the list you are viewing on the screen the entire contents of /etc?4At the command prompt, type ls | more and then press Enter (the | symbol is usually near the Enter key on the keyboard and is obtained by pressing the Shift and keys in combination). What does the display show? Notice the highlighted –More– prompt at the bottom of the screen. Press Enter. Press Enter again. Press Enter once more. Notice that each time you press Enter, you advance one line further into the file. Now, press the spacebar. Press the spacebar again. Notice that with each press of the spacebar, you advance one full page into the displayed directory contents. Press the h key to get a help screen. Examine the command options.5Press the q key to quit the more command and return to an empty command prompt.6At the command prompt, type ls | less and then press Enter. What does the display show? Notice the : at the bottom of the screen. Press Enter. Press Enter again. Press Enter once more. Notice that each time you press Enter, you advance one line further into the file. Now press the spacebar. Press the spacebar again. Notice that with each press of the spacebar, you advance one full page into the displayed directory contents. Press the h key to get a help screen. Examine the command options, and then press q to return to the command output.7Press the ? (up arrow) key. Press ? again. Press ? once more. Notice that each time you press the ? key, you go up one line in the file display toward the beginning of the file. Now, press the ? (down arrow) key. Press ? again. Press ? once more. Notice that each time you press the ? key, you move forward into the file display.8Press the q key to quit the less command and return to a shell command prompt.9At the command prompt, type cd and press Enter. At the command prompt, type pwd and press Enter. What is your current working directory? At the command prompt, type ls and press Enter.10At the command prompt, type ls /etc and press Enter. How does this output compare with what you saw in Step 9? Has your current directory changed? Verify your answer by typing pwd at the command prompt and press Enter. Notice that you were able to list the contents of another directory by giving the absolute name of it as an argument to the ls command without leaving the directory in which you are currently located.11At the command prompt, type ls /etc/skel and press Enter. Did you see a listing of any files? At the command prompt, type ls -a /etc/skel and press Enter. What is special about these files? What do the first two entries in the list ( . and .. ) represent?12At the command prompt, type ls -aF /etc/skel and press Enter. Which file types are available in the /etc/skel directory?13At the command prompt, type ls /bin and press Enter. Did you see a listing of any files? At the command prompt, type ls -F /bin/* and press Enter. What file types are present in the /bin directory?14At the command prompt, type ls /boot and press Enter. Next, type ls -l /boot and press Enter. What additional information is available on the screen? What types of files are available in the /boot directory? At the command prompt, type ll /boot and press Enter. Is the output any different from that of the ls -l /boot command you just entered? Why or why not?15At the command prompt, type file /etc and press Enter. What kind of file is etc?16At the command prompt, type file /etc/inittab and press Enter. What type of file is /etc/inittab?17At the command prompt, type file /boot/* to see the types of files in the /boot directory. Is this information more specific than the information you gathered in Step 14?18.Type exit and press Enter to log out of your shell.Engineering & TechnologyComputer ScienceCIS 255
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